Wednesday, December 23, 2015

A corporação monopolista que provocou a Revolução Norte Americana

As ações de desobediência civil lideradas por Gandhi antes da independência da Índia são bem conhecidas. Na altura, foram comparadas a um acontecimento simbólico do dia 16 de Dezembro de 1773 que será para sempre recordado como o instigador daquela que foi a primeira Revolução Liberal da história da humanidade. O Boston Tea Party, em português, a Festa do Chá de Boston, funcionou como uma forma de protesto contra o poderio de uma mega- corporação monopolista, protegida pela coroa inglesa, sob as colónias norte-americanas. Ainda hoje, o café é mais popular do que o chá.

Há quem acredite que os endividados do sul da Europa, oprimidos pelo poderio das mega-corporações financeiras e monopolistas e seus governos comprados, deveriam reclamar a violação dos seus direitos defendidos em papel mas não em realidade, afirmando a sua dignidade e liberdade com as suas próprias “festas do chá,” livres de violência, mas cheios de simbolismo e desobediência.

Hoje, o método princípio de abuso é a forma como o dinheiro é criado e investido. A dívida que resulta do sistema bancário por design, das rendas de monopólios e de risco de investimentos à "casino" cai sobre os contribuintes. Entretanto, os lucros em grande parte vão para o ultra-ricos que compram legislação para pagar menos impostos, mesmo que signifique cortes para o 99% porque “não há dinheiro.” Aqueles que mais precisam de investimento para realmente produzir e contribuir, não não têm acesso ou só com um custo proibitivo – em cima das dívidas e taxas pesadas. Aqueles que menos precisam, tem acesso quase ilimitado para apostar com o que não é deles sem sofrer consequencias.


O Tea Party de hoje poderá ser uma moeda digital paralela, que é controlada por um conselho descentralizado dos cidadãos, com consulta a especialistas, nem nas mãos de políticos, nem em mãos mega-capitais, que pode regular a criação, empréstimo e investimento desta moeda digital que pode ser usada dentro de determinadas regiões, países ou alianças de países. Na Escócia já se considerar algo assim. Com ou sem Festa do Chá, vale a pena lembrar 16 de Dezembro de 1773. 

1773: A "Festa do Chá" em Boston

No dia 16 de dezembro de 1773, os habitantes das colônias norte-americanas rebelaram-se contra uma decisão arbitrária da metrópole inglesa, atirando 45 toneladas de chá ao mar no porto de Boston.

Há mais de 250 anos, várias regiões do nordeste da América do Norte ainda eram dominadas pela Inglaterra. Os imigrantes das colônias gozavam de poucos direitos, e o produto do seu trabalho servia a um único objetivo: enriquecer a metrópole. A Inglaterra cobrava impostos das colônias sobre produtos como chá, açúcar, vinho, papel e tinta.

Os imigrantes se perguntavam na época se era legítimo deixar-se comandar pela coroa dessa forma, mesmo sem estar representado no Parlamento inglês. Vários deles começaram então a exigir a extinção dos impostos enquanto não pudessem ter representantes participando das decisões governamentais [“No taxation without representation” – “Não aos impostos sem representação”].

Boicote

A resistência contra a metrópole crescia a cada dia. Em 1768, John Dickinson escreveu a primeira canção patriótica dos Estados Unidos, a Liberty Song ("Canção da Liberdade"). Na época, foi iniciado um verdadeiro boicote aos produtos ingleses. As mulheres norte-americanas, por exemplo, começaram a tecer seus próprios panos, deixando de comprar tecidos ingleses.

Os imigrantes passaram a evitar até mesmo o consumo do chá e do açúcar vindos da Inglaterra. O comércio era dominado em grande parte pelos traficantes, como o famoso John Hancock, que obviamente não cobravam impostos. O governo inglês, por sua vez, forçado a reagir rapidamente, decidiu em 1770 extinguir todas as taxas especiais cobradas das colônias americanas. Restaram apenas os impostos sobre o chá inglês.

Principal produto de consumo da sociedade norte-americana da época, o chá era apreciado não só pela elite, mas por todas as camadas da população. Exatamente por isso, a insistência da metrópole no imposto sobre o chá causou grande irritação entre os imigrantes nas colônias. Essa irritação cresceu ainda mais quando o governo inglês, em maio de 1773, deu à Companhia da Índia Oriental (East India Company) permissão para vender sua produção de chá sob condições especiais à colônia.

Privilégios
Interessada em ajudar a companhia, a metrópole inglesa permitiu que ela deixasse de pagar taxas alfandegárias, em função das dificuldades financeiras em que se encontrava. Outros comerciantes das colônias temeram que a Companhia da Índia Oriental pudesse passar a monopolizar o mercado e opuseram-se então, por razões econômicas, à entrada desse chá no país.

Enquanto os navios da companhia aportavam em Nova York, Filadélfia, Charleston e Boston, os comerciantes locais organizavam movimentos de resistência. Em duas cidades, os navios foram obrigados a retornar ao destino de origem. Apenas em Boston, o governador conseguiu fazer com que o chá fosse desembarcado. Na noite do dia 16 de dezembro de 1773, cinco mil pessoas reuniram-se na cidade para protestar contra a decisão oficial.

Protestos
Um grupo de 50 a 100 homens, fantasiados de índios, foram até o porto de Boston, esvaziaram os navios e atiraram cerca de 45 toneladas de chá ao mar. George Hewes, um dos participantes da ação, descreveu mais tarde o ocorrido: "De manhã, depois que nós atiramos o chá ao mar, descobrimos que ainda havia grandes quantidades boiando sobre a água. Para evitar que qualquer pessoa pudesse pegar esse chá para uso pessoal, foram enviados três pequenos barcos a todos os lugares onde ele ainda podia ser avistado. Ali, os homens empurravam o chá com remos, até que ele ficasse completamente molhado e, com isso, inaproveitável."

O acontecimento ficou conhecido em todo o país sob o nome de Boston Tea Party (Festa do Chá de Boston). Os homens que lançaram o chá ao mar foram imitados em várias outras cidades do país e acabaram ficando conhecidos como os primeiros heróis do movimento pela independência dos Estados Unidos.

Segundo explica o alemão Hartmut Keil, especialista em assuntos relativos à América do Norte, "a maioria desses homens era de trabalhadores braçais, entre eles operários da construção civil, pintores e carpinteiros. Alguns intelectuais estavam também presentes – um professor e um médico, por exemplo –, o que prova o alcance da manifestação".

Após o ocorrido, o governo inglês puniu severamente os habitantes de Boston, fechando o porto da cidade [até que as companhias lesadas pelo Boston Tea Party fossem indemnizadas] e delegando aos militares o direito de ocupar casas de civis..

Em resposta, 12 das 13 colónias uniram-se naquele que ficou conhecido como o Primeiro Congresso Continental. Durante a reunião, discutiram alternativas, entre as quais o boicote ao comércio britânico, e escrevem uma carta ao rei George III, denunciando as injustiças e o grau de excessividade das medidas tomadas.

Sem o apoio do rei, as colónias voltaram a reunir-se em 1775, no segundo Congresso de Filadélfia. Foi neste encontro que Thomas Jefferson escreveu a famosa Declaração da Independência dos Estados Unidos, promulgada um ano depois no dia 4 de Julho de 1776.

Tuesday, December 8, 2015

New Economics: Latest Thinking and Actions

As the end of a pivotal year approaches, we've gathered some suggested reading on new economy thinking and actions to prepare for a 2016 of promoting dialogue toward important reforms.

Selected articles from International Academy of Consciousness on consciousness and economics. 
http://www.iacworld.org/?s=Economics&lang=enEthical alternatives to Cooperative Banking

http://www.theguardian.com/money/2013/oct/23/ethical-alternatives-co-operative-bank

Selected articles from New Economics Foundation:

Systemic Change
Revealed: how corporations captured our democracy
Recent revelations about VW cheating emissions tests have underlined the obvious fact that private business interests are not the same as those of the public.
http://www.neweconomics.org/blog/entry/revealed-how-corporations-captured-our-democracy


New Indicators
http://www.neweconomics.org/blog/entry/forget-gdp-how-is-our-economy-really-performing
http://www.neweconomics.org/blog/entry/scotpound-a-new-digital-currency-for-scotland


If we want a future based on social, economic and environmental justice, we have to organise for it now. That means constantly learning from others who are fighting and winning their struggles, not just in Britain but around the world.http://www.neweconomics.org/blog/entry/six-websites-all-campaigners-should-know-about

Orthodox free market economists often like to portray their discipline as being as objective and impartial as any of the natural sciences. Milton Friedman once argued that economics should be considered an 'exact science', like chemistry, physics or medicine. 

We need a steady-state economy, with upper limits on wages and a drastically reduced financial sector. If we want the planet to continue sustaining human life, then we must steer the economy away from growth and ever-increasing production of consumer goods.
Most local problems share the same underlying social and economic causes. The best way to prevent them, says the Commission, is to change systems, which involves changing habitual ways of thinking, organising and working. While some of the underlying causes, such as poverty and inequality, are best tackled at national level, there is plenty of scope for local early action. 

Five indicators beyond GDP: In our new report released today, we set out five headline measures of national success for the UK. Our aim is to re-align government policies with what evidence has shown that we, the UK public, want our economy to deliver. In it, we have moved from an economy of over-consumption, through-put and waste, and the anachronism of overwork and unemployment, to one which the ecological economist Herman Daly describes as, "a subtle and complex economics of maintenance, qualitative improvements, sharing, frugality, and adaptation to natural limits. It is an economics of better, not bigger." Life satisfaction scores tend to be much higher among people with a more communally oriented set of values than those who are materialistic and individualistic. They are also less driven to consume for its own sake. Kick the addiction. Get time-rich. Be happy.

Adopting these indicators – which capture performance on Good Jobs, Wellbeing, Environment, Fairness and Health – will provide a clear picture of the UK’s social and economic performance, and focus policy-makers attention on the things that genuinely matter to the UK public.
Organizing for Change - Digital Solutions


The new national digital currency, ScotPound, would be created alongside a free-at-point-of-use payment system, ScotPay. ScotPound would be non-convertible and purely digital, operated through an arm’s length public enterprise – BancaAlba.

Monday, December 7, 2015

From Plato's Cave to Global Change

The latest issue of major Australian magazine LivingNow features articles by Nelson Abreu (IAC) and Michael Ellis (Global Peace Center) ahead of the Shifting Paradigms Conference on Dec 12 featuring eminent scientist Ervin Lazlo (Club of Budapest), Russell D'Souza (UNESCO), among others. 

http://www.shiftingparadigm.org/

http://www.livingnow.com.au/articles/making-difference-1/platos-cave-global-change

http://www.livingnow.com.au/content/shifting-paradigms-conference 

http://www.shiftingparadigm.org

#LoveEarth  #COP21


From Plato’s cave to global change


by Nélson Abreu....
Our senses give us a false sense of solidity of matter and hide the fact that it is only the tip of the iceberg of a spectrum of consciousness realities revealed through transpersonal experiences.
By changing our worldview, we become agents of positive, structural change, helping co-create the better future we know is possible, rather than being victimised by undesirable change.
For the majority of human history, we have considered the human spirit, soul, self, or mind a self-evident and fundamental part of reality. The material realm was often regarded as less of a reality than consciousness, or at best an extension or reflection of it. With the progress of empirical science, however, a conflict developed between those those who dared question orthodox doctrines and the religious power that defended such dogma. A relative truce was achieved by establishing mutually exclusive magisteria: the material realm could be investigated by the scientific spirit and matters of the spirit were to be left to the clergy.
            Religious authority’s censorship and abuse of power led scientists away from studying the nature of our internal reality, limiting to phenomena that can be physically posited, until subjective reality was all but rejected in a new kind of bias and censorship. Consciousness was increasingly considered an illusion, an imaginary ghost in the biological billiard ball machine, a relatively  unimportant secondary phenomenon of the brain.
            It is worth pointing out that many of the pioneers of physics like Newton, Einstein and Bohm did not limit their world view to the observable physical world and were curious about the subjective realm.While great technological progress has been achieved through Newtonian-Cartesian materialistic science, its usefulness has declined with the rise of quantum physics a century ago.
            After a reductionist detour of about two centuries, the idea that consciousness is real, fundamental, and irreducible is resurgent. However, this time, consciousness is returning to the centre as a result of the application of the scientific spirit, including parapsychology and contemporary consciousness science, rather than religious thought.
            The current planetary crisis is further demonstrative of the inadequacy of the materialistic worldview as a paradigm upon which to build civilisations.Not only is the ailing materialistic paradigm challenged by the physics and consciousness research of the last century, materialism lacks internal, logical consistency. For all the claims of scientism that the human essence does not exist, that we are just pieces of matter, it reaches such conclusions through experience and thought, which take place in the realm of consciousness. Truly, only consciousness could be simultaneously this clever and unwise as to negate itself!
            Why is this pathological, destructive paradigm so persistent? Our senses give us a false sense of solidity of matter and hide the fact that it is only the tip of the iceberg of a spectrum of consciousness realities revealed through transpersonal experiences.In other words, we do not react to things we know in theory the same way as things that we experience viscerally. We are moved by experiences, not data or facts. We are moved by the image of a single, beached refugee child, and not by statistics that we cannot comprehend.Consciousness science –but above all, consciousness practices –allow us to become more perceptive and achieve new levels of awareness, ethics and maturity.
Platoallegory of the cave
A group of prisoners, who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, face a blank wall, watching shadows projected on the wall from things passing in front of a fire behind them. The shadows are as close as the prisoners get to viewing reality. Plato explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall do not make up reality at all, for he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the mere shadows seen by the prisoners.
            Transformative experiences like near-death and out-of-body experiences allow us to look beyond the shadows of Plato’s allegory of the cave. Experiencers tend to reduce their fear of death, to achieve a greater level of altruism, universalism, intuition, problem solving, tranquility, introspection and sense of purpose. The cognitive shifts they afford help us realise we view reality through limiting and distorting filters. By doing so, we can see ourselves and our lives from a multi-dimensional and integrative perspective. By changing our worldview, we become agents of positive change, helping to co-create the better future we know is possible, rather than being victimised by undesirable change.Even when we are faced with troubling personal or social situations, the same integrative, multi-dimensional perspective based on personal experiences of insight beyond the material realm can give us strength. We can remain relatively positive and lucid so as not to succumb to and spread fear, hatred, self-loathing or manipulation, remaining a voice for serenity.
            At the deepest levels, all human activity is rooted on our values, attitudes and patterns of behaviour, which are in turn based on our state of consciousness. As such, our reality may be seen as an extension of the consciousness. Consciousness may be described as an organising intelligent principle that is in a continuous process of individual and inter-connected, collective evolution, over a number of existences with and without a body.Relationships and interactions with others provide the context and means for the evolution of consciousness. As more people from different disciplines and aspects of civilisation experience reality beyond the materialistic confines, from art and architecture to ethics and policy making, our collective system begins to shift. Many of the world’s problems come from the perspective we are on our own in a competitive world and that nature, life and people are things to be exploited. When we see ourselves as consciousness that stems from beyond the physical body, this continuity and connection between ourselves, our bodies, spirits and all living things becomes apparent.
            With this knowledge, life, the environment, and most other things in life become more valuable and precious. Through extraordinary human experiences and related scientific evidence, we can see ourselves as a multi-dimensional consciousness in the process of evolution along with other beings. With this realisation, we become more connected in a cosmic way to our fellow human beings and the priority becomes the well-being and development of individuals, communities, and the human family as a whole: human knowledge, abilities, intelligences, ethics, maturity, character, cooperation, and integral health. Well-being and development through cooperation take centre stage, rather than competitive accumulation or growth of material wealth. A major pseudo-scientific fallacy of contemporary systems is revealed: we seek to manage civilisation on the basis of measurements like GDP and interest rates, while what matters most –such as love, happiness, personal growth, serenity, awe –simply cannot be measured in dollars and similar units.
            Until recently the future used to be an optimistic concept, but most people now live with anxiety regarding the future. We live in a world with accelerating technological change and its associated increasing unemployment, uncertain geopolitical scenarios, periodic financial crises, and more frequent and powerful ecological disasters. It is not that we necessarily lack technical solutions, but rather feel jaded about the generalised ineffectiveness of our so-called leaders to address our critical and most fundamental needs.
            There is a growing awareness that the challenges we face as citizens and as a species are not going to be solved by a given personality or political party. We face structural problems that cannot only be addressed by system change that comes from deep paradigm change. Lincoln is often credited with the saying that “the best way to predict the future is to to create it”, and the Nobel laureate Dennis Gabor has said that “the future cannot be predicted, but futures can be invented”. Indeed, we cannot look to the elites that perversely benefit from our sinking ship, but must rather find our leaders in the mirror.
            As more individuals proactively change their own worldview and make healthy changes in their core, the more they promote change through their actions and collaborations, the more they ‘hack’the prevailing morphic field (the sphere of human thought, information field, zeitgeist, collective unconscious)*–and the closer we get to a tipping point for regional and global change.

Nélson is speaking at the Shifting Paradigms conference in Melbourne, 12th December, 2015.
Nélson Abreu (BS Electrical Engineering) is a research vice-director, educator and writer at International Academy of Consciousness, and co-founder of ConsciousTech and Ohm Institute. He began investigating and experiencing phenomena like out-of-body experiences in 1998.
*For more information on morphic fields, see the article by Melissa Joy Jonsson